Health consequences of smoking – focusing on alternative smoking methods
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Health consequences of sustained smoking cessation.
OBJECTIVES To estimate the risk of dying from all causes and from specified smoking-related diseases in people who were ex-smokers at two consecutive examinations, compared with never smokers and with people who were ex-smokers at the first examination but who had resumed smoking at the following examination. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING Three counties in Norway. PARTICIPANT...
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Cigarette smoking is an independent factor influences on development of smoke related diseases (for example COPD, emphysema). The aim of the study was to check correlation between the changes in respiratory tract and use additional tests such as: a spirometric test, a chest radiogram and measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide among subjects. In the study took part 398 people: 182 active smokers...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology
سال: 2019
ISSN: 2353-3854
DOI: 10.5114/pja.2019.88291